Refinement of long-term toxicity and carcinogenesis studies
Identifieur interne : 001450 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 001449; suivant : 001451Refinement of long-term toxicity and carcinogenesis studies
Auteurs : Ghanta N. Rao [États-Unis] ; James Huff [États-Unis]Source :
- Fundamental and Applied Toxicology [ 0272-0590 ] ; 1990.
English descriptors
- Teeft :
- Adverse effects, Alternative methods, Alternative tests, Animal models, Animal toxicity, Body weight, Cage position, Cage shelf level, Cancer inst, Carcinogen, Carcinogenesis, Carcinogenesis studies, Carcinogenesis study, Carcinogenic, Carcinogenicity studies, Chemical carcinogenesis studies, Chemical carcinogens, Chemical effects, Chronic study, Continual refinement, Continuous decline, Control groups, Different types, Environmental factors, Essential components, Female mice, Female rats, Foreseeable future, Genetic characters, Hamster, Haseman, High prevalence, Humane considerations, Laboratory animals, Large masses, Large numbers, Lesion, Lesions light intensity, Life span, Light intensity, Major injuries, Major organs, Male mice, Male rats, Maximum body weight, Minor injuries, Months duration, More species, Mouse, Mouse strains, National research council, National toxicology program, Nonneoplastic lesions, Other conditions, Other considerations, Other organs, Physiologic processes, Prevalence, Proper species, Rat, Refinement, Refining toxicity, Rodent, Scientific quality, Secondary complications, Secondary lesions, Species correlation, Spontaneous lesions, Studies table, Syrian hamster, Syrian hamsters, Technical report, Toxic, Toxic effects, Toxic responses, Toxicity, Toxicology, Toxicology research, Toxicology studies, Toxicology study, Tumor prevalences, Unpublished data, Viral, Viral infections, Water consumption, Water consumption patterns, Weaker carcinogens, Whole animal, Whole animals.
Abstract
Abstract: The chance that alternatives will completely replace animals for toxicology research in the foreseeable future is nil. Continual refinement of animal toxicity and carcinogenesis studies, however, can be an effective means of reducing the numbers of animals used and conserving time and resources without compromising scientific quality. We must continue to strive to find species and strains that can metabolize chemicals similar to humans, are small enough to be housed in large numbers, and have low prevalence of spontaneous lesions with sufficient life span to express the toxic and carcinogenic potential of chemicals. Adequate care of animals with control of variables such as light, temperature, diet, bedding, diseases, and genetic characters of laboratory animals will decrease the variability. Humane considerations and euthanasia of animals with large masses and other conditions interfering with eating and drinking, major injuries and ulcers related to husbandry and treatment, and diseases indicating pain and suffering will help not only to alleviate further pain and distress but also to facilitate collection of tissues without secondary complications for detection of chemical treatment-related lesions. Limiting the duration of studies to decrease the variability due to ageassociated changes will also refine long-term studies. Other considerations for refinement of carcinogenesis studies include selection of the most sensitive sex of one or more species for evaluation of selected chemicals in a class where toxic and carcinogenic potential of other representative chemicals are known. Genetically engineered animal models with known oncogenes may reduce the duration and increase the sensitivity of carcinogenesis studies with a reduction in the use of animals.
Url:
DOI: 10.1016/0272-0590(90)90160-L
Affiliations:
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Rao</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Caroline du Nord</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Huff, James" sort="Huff, James" uniqKey="Huff J" first="James" last="Huff">James Huff</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Caroline du Nord</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j">Fundamental and Applied Toxicology</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">YFAAT</title><idno type="ISSN">0272-0590</idno><imprint><publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher><date type="published" when="1990">1990</date><biblScope unit="volume">15</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">1</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="33">33</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="43">43</biblScope></imprint><idno type="ISSN">0272-0590</idno></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0272-0590</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="Teeft" xml:lang="en"><term>Adverse effects</term><term>Alternative methods</term><term>Alternative tests</term><term>Animal models</term><term>Animal toxicity</term><term>Body weight</term><term>Cage position</term><term>Cage shelf level</term><term>Cancer inst</term><term>Carcinogen</term><term>Carcinogenesis</term><term>Carcinogenesis studies</term><term>Carcinogenesis study</term><term>Carcinogenic</term><term>Carcinogenicity studies</term><term>Chemical carcinogenesis studies</term><term>Chemical carcinogens</term><term>Chemical effects</term><term>Chronic study</term><term>Continual refinement</term><term>Continuous decline</term><term>Control groups</term><term>Different types</term><term>Environmental factors</term><term>Essential components</term><term>Female mice</term><term>Female rats</term><term>Foreseeable future</term><term>Genetic characters</term><term>Hamster</term><term>Haseman</term><term>High prevalence</term><term>Humane considerations</term><term>Laboratory animals</term><term>Large masses</term><term>Large numbers</term><term>Lesion</term><term>Lesions light intensity</term><term>Life span</term><term>Light intensity</term><term>Major injuries</term><term>Major organs</term><term>Male mice</term><term>Male rats</term><term>Maximum body weight</term><term>Minor injuries</term><term>Months duration</term><term>More species</term><term>Mouse</term><term>Mouse strains</term><term>National research council</term><term>National toxicology program</term><term>Nonneoplastic lesions</term><term>Other conditions</term><term>Other considerations</term><term>Other organs</term><term>Physiologic processes</term><term>Prevalence</term><term>Proper species</term><term>Rat</term><term>Refinement</term><term>Refining toxicity</term><term>Rodent</term><term>Scientific quality</term><term>Secondary complications</term><term>Secondary lesions</term><term>Species correlation</term><term>Spontaneous lesions</term><term>Studies table</term><term>Syrian hamster</term><term>Syrian hamsters</term><term>Technical report</term><term>Toxic</term><term>Toxic effects</term><term>Toxic responses</term><term>Toxicity</term><term>Toxicology</term><term>Toxicology research</term><term>Toxicology studies</term><term>Toxicology study</term><term>Tumor prevalences</term><term>Unpublished data</term><term>Viral</term><term>Viral infections</term><term>Water consumption</term><term>Water consumption patterns</term><term>Weaker carcinogens</term><term>Whole animal</term><term>Whole animals</term></keywords></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Abstract: The chance that alternatives will completely replace animals for toxicology research in the foreseeable future is nil. Continual refinement of animal toxicity and carcinogenesis studies, however, can be an effective means of reducing the numbers of animals used and conserving time and resources without compromising scientific quality. We must continue to strive to find species and strains that can metabolize chemicals similar to humans, are small enough to be housed in large numbers, and have low prevalence of spontaneous lesions with sufficient life span to express the toxic and carcinogenic potential of chemicals. Adequate care of animals with control of variables such as light, temperature, diet, bedding, diseases, and genetic characters of laboratory animals will decrease the variability. Humane considerations and euthanasia of animals with large masses and other conditions interfering with eating and drinking, major injuries and ulcers related to husbandry and treatment, and diseases indicating pain and suffering will help not only to alleviate further pain and distress but also to facilitate collection of tissues without secondary complications for detection of chemical treatment-related lesions. Limiting the duration of studies to decrease the variability due to ageassociated changes will also refine long-term studies. Other considerations for refinement of carcinogenesis studies include selection of the most sensitive sex of one or more species for evaluation of selected chemicals in a class where toxic and carcinogenic potential of other representative chemicals are known. Genetically engineered animal models with known oncogenes may reduce the duration and increase the sensitivity of carcinogenesis studies with a reduction in the use of animals.</div></front></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>États-Unis</li></country><region><li>Caroline du Nord</li></region></list><tree><country name="États-Unis"><region name="Caroline du Nord"><name sortKey="Rao, Ghanta N" sort="Rao, Ghanta N" uniqKey="Rao G" first="Ghanta N." last="Rao">Ghanta N. Rao</name></region><name sortKey="Huff, James" sort="Huff, James" uniqKey="Huff J" first="James" last="Huff">James Huff</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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